substitution/ellipsis(替代/省略)

作者把上面的 so 和 not 说成是英语中的省略形式,显然是把“省略”(ellipsis)和“替代”(substitution)这两个语法范畴混为一谈了。省略的最重要的特征是省略的词语可以准确还原,例如(括弧中的词语表示可以还原的省略成分):

1. Her hair is not so black as it was (black).

2. ——Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?

——I was going to(come yesterday), but I had an unexpected visitor. (全国高考,97-22)

3. Do you smoke? No(, I don't smoke).

而在上文作者所列举的句子中却不能把省略的成分准确还原：

I believe not $\$neq I believe not it is going to rain over the weekend. (×)

I think so≠I think so Mis. Turner is coming to the concert. (×)

实际上，上面的 so 和 not 是英语中的替代现象。替代的本质就是用替代词(pro-forms)来替代上文中的特定词语或分句，常见的替代词有：one(ones)，that(those)，the same，do，so，not。这里应当着重指出，so 和 not 常常用来代替 that 从句：

Many people believe that the international situation will deteriorate. My father thinks so, but I believe not.

上句中的 so 替代 that the international situation will deteriorate(恶化), 而 not 替代 that the international situation will not deteriorate.

“Is your brother going with you?” “I believe not.”

显然 not 替代的是 (that) he is not going。因此可以证明，“省略现象”一文所引用的全国高考英语试题中的 not 替代的是 (that) it is not going to rain over the weekend, 而 so 所替代的是 (that) Mis. Turner is coming to the concert.

[参见 one $^{1,2,6,7,8,9}$ , that(pron.) $^{7-9}$ , do $^{3-4}$ , so $^{6}$ , not $^{3}$ , those/the ones]请做下面的英语试题：

1. ——Why don't we take a little break? ——Didn't we just have ____?

A. it B. that C. one D. this(全国高考,00-23)

2. ——You should apologize to her, Barry. ——____, but it's not going to be easy. A. I suppose so B. I feel so C. I prefer to D. I like to(全国高考浙江卷,07-3)

3. Don't take too much of the medicine; it does you more harm than good if you ____. A. do B. take C. like D. have(全国高考江西卷,07-22)

4. ——Do you have any idea what Paul does all day? ——As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he ____. A. writes B. does writing C. is writing D. does write(全国高考重庆卷,07-32)