same ¹

我国的许多英语著作都采用了上面的区分法。例如，《最新高级英汉词典》（商务印书馆，1995，p.969）着重指出：“That is the same knife as I lost. 那把小刀跟我丢的一模一样。That is the same knife that I lost. 那把小刀就是我丢的。”（《英语一千常用单词》（外研社），1991，p.499）也作了这样的明确区分：

“比较: This is the same bicycle as I have lost.

这辆自行车跟我丢失的那辆一样(是指同样的一种)。

This is the same bicycle that I have lost. 这是我丢失的那辆自行车。(是指同一辆自行车)。”

但是,实际上,这两个格式并非分工得如此明确。我们发现,the same...as除了用于表示“相似”的事物之外,还可用于表示“同一”事物(identical),即跟the same...that具有相同的含义。请对比下列含有the same...that的句子与含有the same...as的句子:

1. He is the same man that(或 whom) we met yesterday. (ECD) 他就是昨天我们遇见的那个人。

2. He was wearing the same shirt that he'd had on the day before. (PEU) 他穿的那件衬衫，是他前一天穿过的同一件衬衫。

3. I went out the same way (that) I'd got in. (PEU) 我顺着进来的原路走出去了。

4. We say be going to, for the same reason that we say have to, used to etc., i.e. to remind students of the to in the following infinitive. (PEG) 我们说 be going to, 和我们说 have to, used to 等的原因是一样的, 都是要提醒学生注意后面不定式中的这个 to。

5. He went to the same school as me. (CCUD) 他跟我在同一个学校上学。

6. You've made the same mistake as last time (that you made last time). (LASED) 你这次犯的错误与上次犯的错误完全一样。

7. My stand on this is just the same as it was four years ago. (Lewis) 我对这个问题的立场跟四年前完全一样。

8. We are in the same position as at the end of last summer. (Davies) 我们的态度跟去年夏末一样。

9. A: We're staying at the Excelsior Hotel.

B: Is that the same as/that you stayed in last summer? (CGEL)

A: 我们将住在精美旅馆。

B: 就是你们去年夏天住过的那家旅馆吗?

10. A: Is that a new bicycle? B: No, it's the same(one) as(I had) before. (CGEL) A:那是辆新自行车吗? B:不是,它是我以前用的那辆。

11. I live in the same house as he lives in. 我跟他住在同一所房子里。

12. I really couldn't put up with living in the same place as that fellow after what had happened. (Curme) 在发生这件事情以后,我实在不能容忍再和那个人住在一起了。

13. He sits in the same row that (as) we do. 他和我们坐在同一排。

14. When we saw the engine enter the tunnel on the same track that (as) we were on, we believed our last hour had come. (Curme) 当我们看见那个火车头和我们同轨进入隧洞的时候, 我们认为我们的末日到了。

15. The three-acre compound is considered US soil, meaning all those who stand on it are subject to the same laws and protections as they would encounter standing in the United States. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 这块三英亩的土地被视为美国的领土，也就是说这块土地上的人与在美国国土上的人受同样的法律的约束和保护。（《达·芬奇密码》）

16. The city sits in the middle of the Himalayan mountains, in a low valley at an altitude of just over 4,200 feet, the same as that of Salt Lake City. (Hillary, Living History) 该城坐落在海拔四千二百多英尺的河谷低地，大约与美国盐湖城等高。（希拉里，《亲历历史》）

应当注意,在 the same 之后使用 that 有两个限制:1. the same 必须充当名词的定语或者在 the same 之后暗含着一个 one[the same (one)];2. that 引出的从句不能是省略句。而 as 却没有这种限制。

1. I feel the same today as I did yesterday. (JED) 我今天的感觉和昨天一样。

2. He was about the same age as Philip. (Maugham) 他的年龄大约与菲利普相同。

3. I like the same music as you. (PEU) 我喜欢的音乐跟你相同。

4. ... partly because I just wanted the same name as the rest of my family. (B. Clinton, My Life) ……部分是因为我想让自己的姓和全家人的一样。(《我的生活》) same $^{2}$

the same...as/that/who/where

我们很多英语教师认为，在 the same + 名词结构之后的定语从句只能用关系代词 as 或 that 来引导。其实并非如此。对于上面的试题，除选 A(as) 外，也可以选 B(whom) 或 C(who)。大量实例证明，the same + 名词结构之后的定语从句，除使用关系代词 as 和 that 之外，也可以使用关系代词 who(whom)、which、零关系代词以及关系副词 where、when。 请看下面的实例：

1. Are these the same people (whom) we saw here last week? (ALD) 这些就是我们上周在这里看到的那些人吗?

2. I'd like to read the same book which was read by Tom. 我想阅读汤姆读过的那本书。

3. She's the same girl [ ] I sat next to in class last year. (MD) (零关系代词) 她就是去年上课时坐在我旁边的那个姑娘。

4. He went back to the same place where he had found the ring. (Chambers) 他返回到他找到戒指的那个地方。

5. This street is the same one [ ] we were on yesterday. (《韦氏词典》, 电子版) (零关系代词) 这条马路就是我们昨天来过的那条马路。

6. That's the same man who asked me for money yesterday. (PEU) 这就是昨天向我要钱的那个人。

7. On it hung an eight-foot-long print of The Last Supper, the same exact image [ ] Sophie had just been looking at. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 那是一张八英尺长的《最后的晚餐》的放大照片，跟索菲刚才看过的那幅一模一样。（《达·芬奇密码》）

8. The priest who greeted him at the door looked sleepy. He was the same priest who had greeted Aringarosa five months ago... (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 在门口迎接他的教士睡眼惺忪。他就是五个月前迎接阿林加洛沙的那个教士……(《达·芬奇密码》)