词典词条 · 问答

whose/of which

核心问题

有些语法学家说,表示无生命事物的先行词不能使用关系代词 whose。但是,这种说法无法解释下面的句子:

The play, whose style is rigidly formal, is typical of the period.

这个剧本语言刻板正式,是那个时期所特有的。

词典解答

确实有不少语法学家提出过,关系代词 whose 如同疑问代词 whose 一样,只能用于表人。例如,C. E. Eckersley 等编写的 A Comprehensive English Grammar 就曾指出,关系代词 whose,如同 who, whom 一样仅是用来表示人的:

He is a man whose word is as good as his bond. 他是一个说话极可靠的人。

但是,他们的观点已经不能反应现代英语的实际使用情况。

许多现代英语语法学家认为, whosewhowhom 不同, 既可以跟指人的先行词连用, 也可以跟指物的先行词连用。

  1. The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired. (CGEL, § 6.34) 房顶受损的房子现在已修好了。

  2. Let ABC be a triangle whose sides are of unequal length. (CGEL, § 17.14) 设 ABC 是一个边长不相等的三角形。

  3. This is the house whose windows were broken. (LEG) 这是那栋窗户打破了的房子。

  4. That's the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen. (LDCE) 这就是那个零件小得难以看清的新机器。

这种用法的 whose 可以用 of which 来代替。但是两者相比较,使用哪一个为佳的问题,语言学家们却是莫衷一是的。M. Swan 说:“两者相比,有时用 of which 更好。” L. G. Alexander 说:“以英语为本族语的人常常避免使用这种用法的 whose,他们把 whose 看成是人称代词 who 的所有格。注意言辞的人可能用另外的方法来表达上面的意思……在正式文体中,使用 of which,而不用 whose...” F. Crews 则持有与此相反的观点:

"The earth, in the depths of which volcanic disturbances continually occur... (This is not only awkward but ambiguous: which looks for a moment as if it modified disturbances. In whose depths is better on both counts.)" (Crews)

(“……这不仅是笨拙的,而且是有歧义的:骤然看来 which 似乎是修饰 disturbances 的。使用 whose depths 在上述两点上都是较佳的。”)

R. Quirk 等持有与 Crews 相同的观点:“在……先行词是非指人的名词的情况下,有某种避免使用 whose 的趋势……但是避免使用它会带来语体上的麻烦,正式用语 of which 显得生硬而累赘:

The house the roof of which was damaged [has now been repaired.]”(§ 17.14)

据此他们认为下面两个结构是同样常见的:

A. The investigation the results of which will soon be published...

B. The investigation whose results will soon be published...

练习题

请做下面的英语试题:

  1. There are many organizations which sole purpose is to help mentally retarded children. (TOEFL)

  2. The residents, ____ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross. A. all their homes B. all whose homes C. all of whose homes D. all of their homes(全国四级,93.6-68)

  3. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, ____ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women. A. whose B. which C. that D. what(全国四级,00.6-33)

  4. It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say that we shall soon be trusting our health, wealth and

来源:英语常见问题解答大词典-9.md · 第 81228176 行 · 原文哈希 3b81e2e34f