adjective ¹ (形容词短语作状语)

单纯的形容词或形容词短语除了充当定语、主语补足语(表语)和宾语补足语之外,还可以充当状语。

A. 原因状语

1. Too nervous to reply, he stared at the floor. 他紧张得不能答话，只是凝视着地板。

2. Glad to accept, the boy nodded his agreement. 这个男孩很高兴接受,点头表示同意。

adjective $^{2}$

B. 时间状语

Ripe, these apples are sweet. 这些苹果熟了的时候是很甜的。

C. 条件状语

Fresh from the oven, rolls are delicious. (= If they are fresh from the oven, rolls...) 面包卷如果是刚出炉的,是很香的。

D. 方式或伴随情况状语

1. Stone-faced, the captain ordered to reduce speed. 船长面无表情地下达了减速的命令。

2. Confused, he read it again, sensing something had gone terribly wrong. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 他不解地重读了一遍，感到大事不妙。（《达·芬奇密码》）

3. Confused, Langdon turned back toward Sophie. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 兰登被弄糊涂了, 他转向索菲。(《达·芬奇密码》)

不难看出，[问]句中的形容词短语 powerless...wait 在句中作伴随情况状语。

E. 句子状语(对句子内容的评注)

1. He may be late. Worse still, he may not come at all. 他可能迟到，更糟的是，他可能干脆不来了。

2. Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说来奇怪，他竟然通过了考试。

3. More important, he's got a steady job. 更重要的是，他得到了一个稳定的工作。