was( were) able
葛传架:《英语惯用法词典》(p.114)说:“I was able to do it. (指经常的或一次的能力,并不意味着实行。)”
这种说法是否符合英语的实际情况?
这是葛老在40多年前说的。现在人们对英语的研究已有了长足的进步。实际上,was(were)able to通常表示一次性的事件,而较少表示经常性事件,这是它与could的区别之一,其次,was(were)able to总是意味着实行(成功地实行),而并不表示潜在的能力,这是它与could的区别之二,见 (was able to/could)。
请翻译下列句子:
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In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. (NCE, 2, L. 53)
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Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. (NCE, 2, L. 67)
was able to/could
The men of our family waded down through our flooded meadows with boathooks, in the hope of being able to grapple a corner of the raft and pull it out of the current towards our bank. We still think it a miracle that they were able to do so. (New Concept English, Book 3, p.136)
[原译]我家的男人们带着船钩涉水穿过水淹草地,希望能钩着木筏的一角,使它摆脱洪水的急流,靠上我们的河岸。他们能这样做,至今我们仍然认为这是一个奇迹。(中译本)
句中的 were able to do so 是指“能这样做”吗?
be able to 用作一般现在时和一般将来时,通常可译作“能”“能够”“有能力”等等。例如:
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Is the electronic computer able to think? 电子计算机能够思维吗?
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After studying differential calculus you will be able to solve these mathematical problems.
学了微积分之后,你们就能够解这些数学题了。
但是, 当 be able to 用作一般过去时时, 则常常不是单纯地表示过去的“能力”“潜力”或“可能性”, 而是把“能力”和“成功”(“完成”)这两层意思结合起来, 而且强调的往往是后者。因此, was/were able to 和 could, 在意义上是有区别的。例如, I could pass the examination. 只是说“我曾有能力通过考试。”, 而不是说“我成功地通过了考试”。另一方面, I was able to pass the examination. (相当于 I succeeded in passing the examination.) 则表示确实通过了考试 (I actually passed.)。由此可见, 把 was/were able to 一律译成“能够”, 是不尽妥当的。
[试译]……他们居然成功地做到了这一点,我们至今仍然认为是一个奇迹。
请做下面的英语试题:
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to(全国高考,97-24)