词典词条 · 问答

able ⁴

was( were) able

说明

was( were) able

核心问题 1

葛传架:《英语惯用法词典》(p.114)说:“I was able to do it. (指经常的或一次的能力,并不意味着实行。)”

这种说法是否符合英语的实际情况?

词典解答 1

这是葛老在40多年前说的。现在人们对英语的研究已有了长足的进步。实际上,waswereable to通常表示一次性的事件,而较少表示经常性事件,这是它与could的区别之一,其次,waswereable to总是意味着实行(成功地实行),而并不表示潜在的能力,这是它与could的区别之二,见 able58able^{5-8}was able to/could)。

请翻译下列句子:

  1. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. (NCE, 2, L. 53)

  2. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. (NCE, 2, L. 67)

was able to/could 1^{1}

核心问题 2

The men of our family waded down through our flooded meadows with boathooks, in the hope of being able to grapple a corner of the raft and pull it out of the current towards our bank. We still think it a miracle that they were able to do so. (New Concept English, Book 3, p.136)

[原译]我家的男人们带着船钩涉水穿过水淹草地,希望能钩着木筏的一角,使它摆脱洪水的急流,靠上我们的河岸。他们能这样做,至今我们仍然认为这是一个奇迹。(中译本)

句中的 were able to do so 是指“能这样做”吗?

词典解答 2

be able to 用作一般现在时和一般将来时,通常可译作“能”“能够”“有能力”等等。例如:

  1. Is the electronic computer able to think? 电子计算机能够思维吗?

  2. After studying differential calculus you will be able to solve these mathematical problems.

学了微积分之后,你们就能够解这些数学题了。

但是, 当 be able to 用作一般过去时时, 则常常不是单纯地表示过去的“能力”“潜力”或“可能性”, 而是把“能力”和“成功”(“完成”)这两层意思结合起来, 而且强调的往往是后者。因此, was/were able tocould, 在意义上是有区别的。例如, I could pass the examination. 只是说“我曾有能力通过考试。”, 而不是说“我成功地通过了考试”。另一方面, I was able to pass the examination. (相当于 I succeeded in passing the examination.) 则表示确实通过了考试 (I actually passed.)。由此可见, 把 was/were able to 一律译成“能够”, 是不尽妥当的。

[试译]……他们居然成功地做到了这一点,我们至今仍然认为是一个奇迹。

练习题

请做下面的英语试题:

The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.

A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to(全国高考,97-24)

来源:英语常见问题解答大词典-1.md · 第 32963339 行 · 原文哈希 6cf5c975cd