have gotten/have got/have

在表示“得到(acquire)”“使(cause)”“变为(become)”等含义时，在美国英语中常常用gotten代替got。例如：

1. ...they could have gotten $50,000 for their old house. ……他们的旧房子可能卖了50,000美元。

2. He had not really gotten used to the food. 他还没有真正习惯吃这种食品。

3. Your driving has gotten better. = Your driving has got better. (= It has become better.) 你的驾驶技术提高了。

但是,表示“现在拥有”的 have got/have 却不能用 have gotten 来代替。请比较:

He's got a new job. (= He has a new job.) 他有一个新的工作岗位。

1. $\$left\{ \begin{array}{l} \text{He's got a new job. (= He has a new job.) 他有一个新的工作岗位。} \\ \text{He's gotten a new job. (= He has found a new job.) 他找到了一个新的工作。} \end{array} \right.

I've got a new bike. 我有一辆新自行车。

2. {I've gotten a new bike. 我刚刚买了一辆新自行车。

因此,下列各句中的 have got 均不能改为 have gotten:

1. I haven't got an evening dress for the ball! 我没有参加舞会的晚礼服啊!

2. We've got some cheaper ones in the back room. 后面房间里有一些比较便宜的。

3. It's locked and I haven't got a key. 房间上了锁,我没有钥匙。