章振邦主编《新编英语语法》(p.338)说:“used to 表示不确定的过去时间,通常不能与表示确定的过去时间状语连用。例如不能说:
Did you use to live in Beijing for five years?"
我的问题是:
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for five years 是确定的过去时间状语吗?
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used to 真的不能与表示确定的过去时间状语连用吗?
for five years 不是确定的过去时间状语,而只是表示持续时间长度的确定的时间段(a definite period)。可见,《新编英语语法》的论述是有毛病的:论点与论据脱节。
R. A. Close 在 RGSE 中说过:
“Note that used to live would not replace lived in We lived in London for ten years, ie when a definite period is stated.” (p. 277)
(注意: We lived in London for ten years. 句中 lived 不能用 used to live 来代替, 这就是说, 当提到特定的时间段时, 不能用 used to live 来代替。)
《新编英语语法》的论点可能是对 R. A. Close 提法的误解: 把确定的时间段误认为确定的过去时间状语了。
那么, used to 究竟能不能与确定的过去时间状语连用呢?答案是肯定的。请看下面的实例:
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He used to live here in 1944. (Leech) 1944 年他曾在这里住过。
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In those days we used to live in the country. (CGEL) 在那些日子里我们曾经住在乡村。
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I used to write poetry myself when I was his age. (Du Mauriei) 当我像他那么大的时候,我曾经自己写过诗。
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He used to be devoted to her when she was a little girl. (Macaulay) 当她是个小女孩的时候,他曾经热恋过她。
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He used to hang a rose on his office door at home when he was having a confidential phone call and didn't want me to disturb him. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 过去他在家里打秘密的电话,不想让我打搅时,总是在他办公室门上挂一朵玫瑰。(《达·芬奇密码》)
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He used to play football before his marriage. (Hornby) 他在结婚之前经常踢足球。used to