make sb. do/cause sb. to do/have sb. do/get sb. to do

make sb. do 常常是指“强迫(命令)某人做某事”。在被动句中，“强迫”“命令”的意义尤其显得突出。

1. If you won't do it willingly, I'll make you do it! 你如果不愿意做那件事，我会强迫你去做！

2. The workers were made to work 12 hours a day. 工人被迫每天工作 12 个小时。

当主语是表示无生命的名词时, make 虽不能说具有“强迫”的含义,但它具有不顾人的意志而“使得”的含义:

The pain made him cry out. 他痛得叫喊起来。

cause 是个比较正式的词。cause sb. to do 虽然具有跟 make sb. do 大致相同的含义,但是不能用在被动句中:

1. What caused him to [made him] change his mind? 是什么使他改变了主意？

2. His foolishness caused me to lose my temper. 他的愚蠢使我发了脾气。have sb. do 是指“吩咐、同意、请某人做某事”：

3. Don't forget to have him come. 别忘了叫他来。

4. Please have her wash the window in my room. 请让她擦洗我房间的窗户。

get sb. to do 在语义上相当于 have sb. do, 但更具有“请求”“劝说”的意思：

1. You should get your friend to help you. 你应当请朋友帮忙。

2. I got him to help me when I moved the furniture. 我搬家具时曾请他帮过忙。

get 还可以用在 get sth. to do 结构中:

But no matter what he did, he could not get the engine to start. 他用尽了一切方法，也没有把发动机发动起来。