词典词条 · 问答

sit

be sat

说明

be sat

核心问题

She was sat on the bench. sit 是不及物动词, 而在句中表示主动意义, 为什么在这里用被动语态呢?

词典解答

在古英语中,及物动词的现在完成时采用 have + 过去分词形式,而不及物动词的现在完成时则采用 be + 过去分词的形式,例如,He is gone. She is come. 而在现代英语里,无论是及物动词还是不及物动词都采用 have + 过去分词的形式。不过,在现代英语里,某些表示移动和姿态的不及物动词,其现在完成时仍然保留着 be + 过去分词的形式。而且,这种形式,与 have + 过去分词的形式不同,着重表达状态或结果。有的语言学家(R. Quirk 等)基于这一点把这类句子归入“假拟被动句”(Pseudo-passives)。但是,这类句子毫无被动意义,与 be + 及物动词过去分词的形式(be drunk, be encouraged 等)是不同质的。

  1. All hope is gone. 毫无希望了。

  2. He's been stood here for an hour. 他在这儿站了一小时了。

  3. She is dressed elegantly. 她衣着高雅。

  4. He then asked me to be seated. 然后他让我坐下。

  5. The hostess dressed in her finest costume together with the guest of honor was seated comfortably in the living room. 女主人穿着非常漂亮的服装和主宾一起舒适地坐在起居室里。

  6. Grandfather was sat in his rocking chair. (CGEL) 祖父坐在摇椅里。

不难看出, was sat = was sitting, has been stood = has been standing. (参见 seated)

来源:英语常见问题解答大词典-7.md · 第 1212512149 行 · 原文哈希 fa86ae543c