词典词条 · 问答

ought to have done/must have done

核心问题

AThey must have arrived by now.

现在他们想必已经到达。(张道真:《实用英语语法》,1995年修订重印本,外研社,p.253)

(B) They ought to have arrived by now. 现在他们想必已经到达。

must have arrivedought to have arrived 在表“推测”时,意思是不是相同?

词典解答

在上面的句子里,must have arrivedought to have arrived 都是推测“(他们)已经到达”,但是说话人对其陈述的肯定性程度却有很大区别。must have arrived 表明说话人对自己所描述的事件确信无疑,也就是说,说话人完全肯定其说法的正确性。而 ought to have arrived 则表明说话人对自己所描述的事件仅仅是个猜测而已,也就是说,说话人并不能完全肯定其说法的正确性。在翻译时,应把它们之间的区别表达出来:将 must have done 译为:“一定”“必定”“肯定……”“必然”“准是……”;而将 ought to have done 译为“可能……”“或许……”“也许……”“想必……”“该……”:

  1. The lights have gone out.” “A fuse must have blown.” (AED) “灯灭了。” “一定是保险丝烧断了。”

  2. If he had started at nine o'clock, he ought to have been in London by eleven o'clock. (Palm-er) 如果他是九点钟出发的话,那他十一点钟该到达伦敦了。

来源:英语常见问题解答大词典-6.md · 第 74117426 行 · 原文哈希 4b59f7aa03