in turn ²

介词短语 in turn 主要有两个意思。

A. 依次, 轮流地

1. They answered the teacher's questions in turn. (Chambers) 他们依次(一个挨一个地)回答老师的问题。

2. Each man in turn got up and spoke. (DAI) 每一个人依次站起来说话。

3. We went in turn to be examined by the doctor. (ELD) 我们轮流去接受医生的检查。

B. 当谈到 A 对 B 做某事又对 C 做某事或者 A 对 B 做某事, 而 B 又对 A 或 C 做某事时, 常常用 in turn 来表示这种关系。通常可译为“反过来”“转而”“又”“则”等等。我国出版的英汉词典大都没有收入这一用法, 所以我国的英语学习者对它比较陌生。请分析下面的实例:

1. Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 理论的基础是实践, 又转过来为实践服务。

2. He found that Rosemary had told Rick's sister, and she in turn had told Rick. (Sinclair) 他发现罗斯玛丽告诉了里克的妹妹，而她又告诉了里克。

3. Each of the three boys teases his younger brother—John, the biggest, teases Bob, the middle boy; and Bob in turn teases Tim, the youngest. (DAI) 三个孩子都戏弄年幼的弟弟——大哥哥约翰戏弄老二鲍勃，鲍勃又戏弄小弟弟蒂姆。

4. Tiny fish in lakes, streams, and oceans eat algae. In turn, these tiny fish are eaten by larger fish. 湖泊、河流、海洋中的小鱼吃海藻。而小鱼又被较大的鱼吞食。

上面的日本高考英语试题可以译为:人们试图乘自己的小汽车来避免公共交通的耽搁,但这样一来,又产生了其他的问题。

请把下面的句子译成汉语：

1. A pair of cards, like those I have described, is produced; and everyone in turn is asked which of the three lines on the second card is equal to the line on the first.

2. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

3. For instance, workers will need to be more highly trained and more flexible—they will probably have to be capable of changing (shifting) from one skilled job to another—and they will also have more free time, as they will work fewer hours per day. This in turn will necessitate a considerable expansion and re-orientation of education.