《远东英汉大辞典》将 motive 译作“动机”“目的”。而将 motivation 译作“引起动机”“刺激”“诱导”。《新英汉辞典》将 motive 译作“动机”“目的”,而将 motivation 译作“动机的形成”“促动因素”“动力”。可以看出,这两部辞书对这两个词的词义有意作了明确的区分。但我认为这种区分是不符合实际情况的。您的意见如何?
motive 是指“引起某个具体行动心理上的原因”,可译为“动机”,如 motive and effect(动机和效果),the motive for the crime(犯罪的动机)。
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In a case of murder, the police question everyone who might have a motive. (LDCE) 在谋杀案中,警方要查问每一个可能有谋杀动机的人。
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His love of money is the only motive that drives him to work so hard. (LDCE) 他喜爱金钱是他如此努力工作的唯一动机。
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His sole motive was to make her happy. (London) 他唯一的动机是使她幸福。
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This man admits that his motive is profits. (Sinclair) 这个人承认他的动机是获得利润。
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His real motive for joining the club was not to make new friends but to try to meet potential clients. 他加入俱乐部的真实动机不是交结新朋友而是寻找可能的顾客。
motivation 除了其他含义外,也可以指“动机”,但是具有更广泛、更普遍的含义。常常用于指关于动机的整个论题。例如:
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I am interested in human motivation. 我对人的动机感兴趣。
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The stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language. (LDCE) 动机越强, 外语就学得越快。
但是,有些作者把 motivation 当作 motive 来使用。纯正语言学家们把这种用法看作是一种常见错误:
×I have learned his motivation for running away. 我已经知道了他逃跑的动机。
×I wonder what her motivation was in breaking the windows? 我想知道她打破窗户的动机是什么?
请做下面的英语试题:
We should know what the author's motives were.
A. persistence B. intentions C. reticence D. insight (TOEFL)