(A)In spring the weather gets warmer. (ELD)
(B) The Finnish mark was devalued by 8 percent in the spring. (WTYB)
什么时候用 spring, 什么时候用 the spring?
一般英语语法书(例如 CGEL)上的解释是:当一般地指四季而不是具体指某年的某个季节时,通常不用冠词:
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Spring was at hand. (Dreiser) 春天就要来临了。
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Winters and springs are very wet in this part of the world. (Chambers) 在世界这个地区
冬天和春天雨水很多。
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Some mammals migrate to warmer areas when _. A. it comes winter B. does winter come C. winter comes D. comes winter(TOEFL)
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Leaves turn yellow in autumn. (Mis) 秋天树叶会变黄。
但是当具体地指某年的某个季节时,通常用冠词:
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The winter of 1963 was an exciting time. (CGEL) 1963年冬天是个激动人心的季节。
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It happened in the summer of 1937. (Chambers) 这发生在 1937 年夏天。
然而,这种说法并不是完美无缺的,因为它对于英文原著中许多实例是解释不通的。例如:
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The spring was pleasant there. (Maugham) 那里的春天是令人愉快的。
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Flowers come out in the spring. (JED) 春天花开。
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Winter was coming now. (Sinclair) 冬天要来临了。
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It is cold in the winter. (Hill) 冬天很冷。
因此,L. G. Alexander 说 spring, summer, autumn 和 winter 可用定冠词 the, 亦可不用:
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We get a good crop of apples in the autumn. (LEG) 秋天我们的苹果收成很好。
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We go on holiday in (the) summer. (ELD) 夏天我们去度假。
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He generally goes to the south of France in the winter. (Palmer) 他通常冬天去法国南方。
但是,我们注意到,当 spring, summer, autumn, winter 有确定年份的后置定语时,大都使用定冠词:
in the autumn of 1980(ALD) 在 1980 年秋天