He might have realized that you were pulling his leg.
请说明句子里 might have realized 的含义。
这是个歧义句。
A. might + 完成体不定式表示本可能发生某种动作,但实际上并未发生。这个结构有时用来表示埋怨或训斥(埋怨对方本应该做的事而没有做),这个结构在语义上相当于 should + 完成体不定式或 ought to + 完成体不定式,可以译为“本应该”(If you tell someone that they might have done something, you are telling in an angry way that they ought to have done it.) :
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You might have let me know before! (Mansfield) 你本应该在以前让我知道!
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But I think you might have told us half an hour ago. (Shaw) 但是我认为你本该在半小
时前告诉我们。
- You might have warned me she was coming. (CGEL) 你本应该通知我她要来的。
按照这种理解,你提问的句子的意思是:
他本该明白你是在跟他开玩笑。(He ought to have realized that you were pulling his leg.) B. 情态动词 might + 完成体不定式表示(从现在的观点看来)“可能已发生了某事”(If you say that something might have happened, you mean that it is possible that it happened.)，至于是否发生，说话人并不知道：
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He might well have said that. (EED) 他很可能说过这样的话。
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I might have come to a wrong conclusion. (Priestley) 我可能得出了错误的结论。
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It seems reasonable that Saunière might have chosen to express his disappointment in his final good-bye. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 索尼埃先生在和这个世界道别时想表达一下自己的失望，这倒是可以理解的。（《达·芬奇密码》）按照这种分析，你提问的句子的意思是：
他可能已经明白了你是在跟他开玩笑。
(might have done 的其他含义见 may have done)
might/may 见 may/might
might/might well 见 may/may well
might as well/had better
托福考题: Since the flight has been cancelled because of bad weather, we ____ go by train. A. ought to have B. had better to C. might as well D. would rather not (TOEFL) 我认为选 B 和选 C 都是正确的。不知您以为然否？
只能选 C（might as well），而不能选 B，因为 had better 后面要求跟动词原形，不能带 to。此外，had better 表示从许多可做事情中择优的问题，而 might（may）as well 则表示从没有办法中找办法的问题，也就是说，它常常表示“勉强”“迁就”“无奈”的意思。由于班机取消而转乘火车确实是无可奈何的事情。参见 may as well。