大作《英语常见问题解答大词典》(2002年第四次印刷本,p.701)关于may...but所阐述的意义和译法,我是赞同的。但是,读了最近出版的《英语用法指南》(外研社、牛津大学出版社,2000,p.446)上的多处译文,我又对您的说法产生了怀疑。请看下面的原文及其汉译文:
It may be a comfortable car, but it uses a lot of petrol. (= Although it is a comfortable car, it uses ...) 这辆汽车可能很舒适,但耗油太多。
He may be clever, but he hasn't got much common sense. 他也许聪明,但不太通情达理。You might have plenty of money, but that doesn't mean you're better than me. 你也许有很多钱,但这并不等于你就比我好。
She may have had a lovely voice when she was younger, but ... 她年轻时也许嗓音挺动人,但是……
上面的译文是错误的。原书作者 M. Swan 在这些例句之后所作的论述可以明确无误地证明这一点。他说:
“请注意:在这个结构中,may 常用来谈论肯定是事实的事,而不只是可能的事。
It may be a comfortable car . . . but 意思是‘我承认这辆车很舒适,但是……’,而不是‘这辆车很可能舒适……’。”
译者们正确地译出了上面的“请注意……”,却把所有的例句都译错了。这似乎是令人难以理解的。但是,仔细想来,这个令人难以理解的事恰恰说明了某些带民族特征的误译是很难逃避的,即使在原书作者明确地指出了它们的真实含义之后。
[附注]may/might... but 结构中的 may/might 被误译为“可能”“也许”之所以具有汉语民族的特征,是因为汉语从不通过情态动词来表示让步的缘故。下列权威的英汉词典也没有摆脱这个带有民族特征的误译:
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There may be some evidence to suggest she's guilty, but it's hardly conclusive. 也许有些证据表明她有罪,但它们并没有说服力。(《英汉双解剑桥国际英语词典》,上外教社,p.1555)(似应改为:虽然有些证据表明她有罪,但是,这些证据并不是很确凿的。)
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You may feel all the training is a waste of time, but later you'll be grateful you did it. 你可能会觉得所有的训练是在浪费时间,但将来你会为自己的参加而感到庆幸。(同上)
(似应译为:虽然你会觉得所有的训练都是……)
[该词典对这一结构作了明确的释义: may/might used to introduce a statement which is very different from the statement you really want to make, in order to compare the two thoughts or ideas. (引出与你自身想法不同的事实、观点, 以进行比较)]
- They may be seven thousand miles away but they know what's going on over here ... 也许他们远在7000英里之外,但他们知道这里所发生的一切……(《Cobuild 英汉双解词典》,上海译文出版社,p.1201)(似应译为:虽然他们……)
[该词典对这一结构作了精确的释义:
to indicate that, although something is true, it is contradicted by another fact or argument which you are going to give. (用于表示某事尽管属实,但与即将提出的另一事实或论点相抵触)]