infinitive ³⁸

动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可以用作名词的定语，但是它们所表达的时间关系却是不同的。动词不定式用作定语时，它所表示的动作一般是发生在谓语动词所表示的时间之后：

1. the man to help you 要去帮助你的那个人

2. $\$left\{\begin{array}{l} the car to repair \\ the car to be repaired \end{array}\right\} (the car that will be repaired) 待修理的汽车

3. The case to be investigated tomorrow... ("that will be investigated") 要调查的案件……

[附注]但是,动词不定式的此种用法有例外,见 infinitive $^{11}$ , first $^{4}$ 。

现在分词作定语时,它所表示的动作是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的,强调正在进行中:

1. the car being repaired (the car that is being repaired) 正在修理的汽车

2. The house being built (the house that is being built) 正在建造的房屋过去分词用作定语时, 它所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前:

3. the car repaired (the car that was/has been repaired) 修理好的汽车

4. A report written by my colleague appeared last week. 由我的同事写的一篇报告上周发表了。

在上面的试题中,状语 tomorrow 表明上演是将来的事儿,因此应当用动词不定式 to be shown,而不应当用过去分词 shown 来作 the film 的定语,故上题只能选 B。

1. Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited(全国高考,90-29)

2. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written(同上,94-34)

3. The dam ____ by the year 2010, will benefit the whole country. A. being completed B. to complete C. completed D. to be completed

4. The building ____ now is our library. A. to be repaired B. repaired C. being repaired D. repairing

5. This is one of the experiments ____ in our laboratory. A. being made B. making C. to do D. having made(此题有两个答案,参见 experiment)

6. There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting held the day after tomorrow. (上海高考,93-34)

7. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing

8. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known(上海高考,02-34)

9. The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users. A. accomplished B. being accomplished C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished(全国四级 99.6–68)

10. If the building project ____ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined. A. being completed B. is completed C. to be completed D. completed(全国四级,01.6-48)