核心问题
（a）She spoke as a lawyer.
(b) She spoke like a lawyer.
我看不出 like 与 as 有什么区别。
词典解答
as 和 like 都可以用作介词,但意义不同。as 表示“以实际的身份或地位”(actual role)。因此,句(a)的意思是:“她作为律师发言。”或“她以律师的身份发言”。like 则表示“与……相似”,“以与……相类似的方式”,因此句(b)的意思是:“她讲话很像是律师。”类例:
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I had no success as a novelist. (Shaw) 我作为一位小说作家并没有获得成功。
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Perhaps I can act as spokesman. (Snow) 也许我能做代言人。
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We got on together like old friends. (Shaw) 我们在一起相处得就像老朋友似的。
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Ever since mother came she has worked like a horse. (Mansfield) 自从妈妈来到这里，就像牛马似地辛勤劳动着。