请谈一谈英语被动句主谓倒装与强调的关系。
位于谓语前面的被动句的主语在多数情况下是陈述的出发点，表示已知信息。但是在主谓倒装的被动句里，情形就完全不同了。在这里，倒装的主语是交际的中心，语意的重点，传达的是未知信息。因此倒装被动句的主语大都不能译成汉语被动句的主语，而应译成表语、宾语等等。例如：
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By power is meant the rate of doing work. 所谓功率就是指做功的速率。
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By motion here is meant momentum. 这里所说的运动指的是动量。
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By degree of freedom is understood an independent variable quantity, such as pressure, temperature or concentration. 所谓自由度，乃是一个独立的变量，如压力、温度或浓度。
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In the periodic table are arranged all the chemical elements discovered. 周期表中列出了所有已发现的化学元素。
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In our catalogue are listed some items which may be of interest to you. 在目录中列有一些贵方也许会感兴趣的项目。
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So was born the echo-sounding apparatus... (NCE, 4, L. 9) 这样就产生了回声探测仪……
这时常常利用引导词 there, 以便更清楚地表达信息核心的转移, 而不管句首有没有状语。
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There have been found over 100 elements. 已经发现了100多种元素。
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There has been developed a solar stove for cooking food. 已经研制出一种用来烹煮食物的太阳炉。
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With research going on all the time, there would be greater wonders added to those it has already brought us. 随着科技研究的不断发展，除了它已经给我们创造的奇迹之外，它还将给我们创造更大的奇迹。
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In addition to all this there was evolved the theory that light is an electromagnetic disturbance. 除所有这些之外,还提出了一种理论,认为光是一种电磁扰动。
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According to the present invention there is provided a method of producing amino acids from protein-containing raw materials. 本发明提出了一个从含蛋白质的原材料中提取氨基
酸的方法。
- On the following day, there was held a splendid banquet. 第二天举行了一次盛大的宴会。