词典词条 · 问答

in here

核心问题

(1) I work in a middle school near here.

(2) Why are you in here?

(3) Once you're in here, listen to your teacher.

我认为句中的 here 是个名词,而且我对学生一直是这么讲的。而您在《英语常见问题解答大词典》(p. 33 和 p. 454)中却说 here 是个副词,这使我感到有点儿困惑。

词典解答

我国出版的英汉词典,大都把 in(near, from) here 中的 here 看作是名词,如《新英汉词典》、《最新高级英汉词典》、《英汉大词典》等都是这么处理的。但是,这种处理方法虽然容易被学生接受,但是有一个很大的缺点:必须把大量没有名词语法特点的副词和形容词,如 (from) here, (over) there, (at) once, (since) when, (in) brief, (by) far 等等视作名词,这显然是违背词的分类原则的(它们没有复数形式,没有所有格形式等等)。因此,许多英美出版的英英词典和英语语法著作 (CGEL) 把上面的词仍看作是副词或形容词,并明确提出,副词和形容词可以作介词的宾语。例如,NODE(1998) 对 herethere 是这么注释的。

hereadverb... [after prep] I'm getting out of here.

thereadverb... [after prep] I'm not going in there—it's freezing.

薄冰教授主编的《高级英语语法》(p.601)也明确提出“有些表示地点、时间的副词可以作介词的宾语,如 herethere…”

下面是一些常见的副词与介词的搭配:

from here, in there, over there, at once, until now, since when, before long, by far, from abroad, from below

  1. Get out of here! 滚出去!

  2. Come over here! 到这边来!

  3. Do you live near here? 你住在附近吗?

  4. How far is the town from here? 该城离这里有多远?

  5. Why did you bring that dog in here? 你为什么把那条狗带到这里来了?

  6. Have you seen any Austrians pass by here? 你看见有奥地利人经过这儿吗?(北京会考,92-阅A

  7. Oh, yes. I want to do some shopping. Is there a nice big shop around here? 噢,是的。我想买些东西。这儿附近有好的大商店吗?

  8. She used to come in here as a little kid, but that was years ago. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 她很小的时候经常来这里,但那是很久以前的事了。(《达·芬奇密码》)

herringduck

herspossessive pronouns

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