I'm a director. I direct plays. What do you do as director?
郑孝通编《高中英语重点·难点纵横谈》(2)(中国科技大学出版社,p.13)在解释上面的句子时说:
“第一句是说明自己的职业。‘我是一个导演。导演戏剧的。’第二句是说明对方的身份(title),亦是头衔,称号,职称。在as后不用冠词。所以问:‘作为导演你干什么工作呢?’as后面若表明身份,通常不用a,请看下面的例句:
①He succeeded Patton as commander in chief. (他接替巴顿任总司令。)总司令是官衔
②Maybe I can act as spokesman. (也许我可以当发言人。)发言人是一种头衔
③He wants me to go with him as secretary general. (他要我一起去当秘书长。)秘书长是头衔[本书作者按:本句的译文是错误的,应改为:“他希望我作为秘书长跟他一起去。”]
④He did very well as mining engineer. (作为矿业工程师他干得很出色。)矿业工程师是一种职称
⑤She served as a model for a famous painter. (她为一个著名画家充当模特儿。)这里有a,模特儿为一般职业
⑥I had no success as a teacher. (作为一名教师我碌碌无为。)这里有 a, 教师是职业,不算职称。”
上书作者说:表示“头衔”“称号”“职称”的名词不用冠词,而 professor, doctor 都表示“职称”“称号”,为什么它们能与不定冠词连用呢?
精确的说法应当是:只有当用作表语或介词 as 宾语的名词表示独一无二的身份或职务(即只有一个人担任的职务)时,在它们的前面才可以使用零冠词(即不使用冠词)。在这种情况下,亦可使用定冠词,如上面的例①、②、③、④。如要表示某个“职称”“称号”之中的一个人仍要使用不定冠词a(an),除非在某些特定的动词(select, turn)之后:
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She was praised as an actress, but less so as a director. (CIDE) 她作为演员受到了称赞,但是她作为导演却并非如此。
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She spoke as a lawyer. (CGEL) 她作为一名律师发表了讲话。
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As(the) chairman of the committee, I declare this meeting closed. (CGEL) 我作为委员会的主席,宣布本次会议结束。
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John F. Kennedy was (the) President of the United States in 1961. (CGEL) 约翰·肯尼迪在 1961 年当选美国总统。
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Cook was to be in charge of this expedition as captain of the ship Endeavour. 后来,库克作为“奋力”号船长负责这次考察。
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After the letter has been read out to the court, Portia, in lawyer's clothes, enters the room and takes her seat as judge. 这封信当庭宣读之后,鲍西娅穿着律师的衣服走进屋来。她作为法官就座了。