核心问题
The motion of ions is the motion of such atoms as have gained or lost electrons, which in most
cases takes place in chemical solutions.
[原译]离子的运动也就是原子得到或失去电子时的运动,在大多数情况下,化学溶液中发生这种现象。(《科技英语结构分析和翻译》,p.431)
上面译文似乎违背原意,请分析。
词典解答
译文把 as have gained or lost electrons 译为“得到或失去电子时”，是违背化学原理的。须知，as have gained or lost electrons 是个定语从句，用来限制 atoms(as 在定语从句中充当主语)。实际上，such...as 引出定语从句的情况是很常见的。例如：
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High carbon steel can be used to make such working parts as require high strength and hardness. 高碳钢可用来制造那些要求高强度和高硬度的工作零件。
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The principles which we shall study apply not only to such cases as have been mentioned but also to wave-motions. 我们将要研究的原理不仅适用于已经提到的情况,而且也适用于波动。
[试译]离子的运动,就是得到或失去电子的原子的运动,这种运动,在大多数情况下发生在化学溶液中。
[参见 such as + 名词 / such (…) as + 从句]