现在完成时/一般过去时
(1) Where did you put my purse?
(2) The window was broken.
(2)
请问现在完成时与一般过去时有什么区别?
一般过去时与现在完成时有一个很重要的区别:现在完成时表示“与现在相关”(current relevance),即把一个过去的状态或动作与现在时间联系起来。而一般过去时常常含有“与现在无关”的意味。拿你提出的例句来说,例(1)中的句(A)表示讲话人请求对方回忆过去的一个事件,而句(B)则表示讲话人想知道他的皮夹现在在什么地方。例(2)中的句(A)表示“窗户被打破了”这样一个过去的事件,我们无从知道现在它已修好,还是未修好,而句(B)则明确表示窗户至今尚未修好,即窗户被打破的状态一直持续到现在。再如:
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You can come in. I've opened the door. 你可以进来。我已把门打开了。(“我打开门”这一过去的动作产生了与现在有关的结果:“你可以进来”。)
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I've finished my homework. 我已做完了家庭作业。(产生的与现在有关的结果:我现在可以出去玩了。)
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John has lived in Paris for four years. 约翰在巴黎住了4年了。(现在仍住在巴黎)。
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John lived in Paris for four years. 约翰曾在巴黎住过4年。(现在不住在巴黎了)。
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The house was empty. 这所房子那时没有人住。(现在可能有人住,也可能没有人住)。
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The house has been empty. 这所房子没有人住。(现在仍没有人住)
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A young lion has escaped from Green Park Zoo in southeast London. In the hurricane last night a tree fell onto the cage where it was kept and in the morning it was found that the lion had escaped. 伦敦东南的绿园动物园跑出了一头小狮子。昨晚的飓风把一棵大树刮倒在狮子的笼子上。今天早上发现这头狮子跑了。
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You have signed your name ‘Clare Flower’ but that is not your name. 你签了名:“克莱尔·弗劳尔”。但是,这并不是你的名字。
请做下面的英语试题:
present perfect tense 1172
Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ____ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A. are to challenge B. may be challenged C. have been challenged D. are challenging(全国四级,97.1-40)