词典词条 · 问答

suggest ³

核心问题 1

I suggest you go to the library. 我建议你去图书馆。

上面句子里的 you 是不是宾语,而 go 是不是宾语补足语?

词典解答 1

这是一个 suggest(that) you(should) go 句型, 见 suggest he do / he should dosuggest 4^{4}

核心问题 2

I've got three weeks altogether. What do you suggest I see? [《高中英语教科书》第三册,人教社,p.67]

下面是与该书配套的《教师教学用书》第三册(p.238)对上句的注释:

“句中的 I see 是宾语从句 (that I should see) 的省略, 谓语动词用原形, 是虚拟语气的用法。”郑孝通编著的《高中英语重点·难点纵横谈》(中国科技大学出版社, p. 320) 也持有相同的观点: “suggest sb. do 是省略 thatshould 的口语句型, 本课有: What do you suggest I see? = What do you suggest that I should see?

我在讲课中发现,上述解释是不能自圆其说的,但我也找不到能自圆其说的解释,请赐教。

词典解答 2

上面两本书的作者完全误解了上句的句法关系。假定我们承认 I seesuggest 的宾语从句,那么,句首的 what 是什么成分呢? 如果它是 suggest 的直接宾语,那么 I see 就不可能也是 suggest 的直接宾语(不可能有两个直接宾语);如果它是 see 的直接宾语,那么宾语从句的直接宾语竟然跑到主句的句首,是怎么也说不通的。此外,如果 I seesuggest 的宾语从句,则这个句子就是个是非疑问句(yes-no question),但是,这个句子是不能用 yesno 来回答的。由此可以证明,上面的分析是站不住脚的。

其实,上面的句子是一种特殊的句型,叫做混合疑问句。让我们从现行中学教科书和高考英语试题中选几个实例:

  1. What do you think the weather is like in Canada? 你认为加拿大的天气怎么样?

  2. What do you think is likely to happen? 你认为可能会发生什么情况呢?

  3. ——I haven't heard from Henry for a long time. ——What do you suppose has happened to him? (全国高考,91-23) ……你认为他发生了什么事情?

之所以把这种句子叫做混合疑问句,是因为它是由两种类型的疑问句混合而成的。一个是特殊疑问句:What will(should) I see? 另一个是一般疑问句:Do you suggest? 但是,两个疑问句混合之后,特殊疑问句的形式或语序要发生变化:

  1. What [do you suggest] I see? (特殊疑问句的语序应为 What should I see?)

  2. Where [do you think] he found it? (特殊疑问句的语序应为: Where did he find it?)

  3. What [do you think] the weather is like in Canada? (特殊疑问句的语序为: What is the weather like in Canada?)

有些英语著作,如钱歌川教授的《英文疑难详解》(香港中外出版社,p.329)和张道真教授的《现代英语用法词典》(外研社,1998,p.1464),把上面的 do you think(suppose,suggest)分析为插入语。

wh-疑问词充当主语时,分析为插入语有时候似乎还讲得通:

  1. Who[do you think] murdered the lady? 你认为是谁谋杀了这位女士?

  2. Who[do you think] is the best player this year? 你认为谁是今年最好的运动员?

  3. Who[do you suppose] telephoned today? 你认为今天谁来电话了?而当 wh-疑问词作句子的其他成分时,分析为插入语就绝对讲不通了。

  4. What[do you suggest] I see? 你建议我参观哪些地方呢?

  5. Where[do you think] he found it? 你认为他是在哪里找到它的呀?

因为插入语的本质是:去掉插入语后句子结构仍然完整,而在上面的句子里去掉 do you suggest, do you thinkdid you say 之后,句子结构就不完整了。因此,我们必须把上面的疑问句看作是一种特殊类型的疑问句:混合疑问句或连锁疑问句,并掌握其语法特点。

混合疑问句之中的一般疑问句的动词数量是有限的: say, think, believe, imagine, guess, suppose, suggest 等等(参见 interrogative sentence, suppose 7,8^{7,8} )。 suggest 5^{5}

核心问题 3

On the hero's pale face there was a half-smile that seemed to suggest that he be ready to give his life for the country. (上海高考,93-39)

答案为 C。但是,我看不出它有什么错误。suggest that he be 不是一个常见、常考的句型吗?

词典解答 3

这里涉及到动词 suggest 的词义问题。当 suggest 作“建议”解时,(that)从句的谓语动词应当使用虚拟语气: should + 动词原形或现在虚拟式(动词原形)。但是, 当 suggest 作“认为”“指出”“暗示”, “有……含义”“表明”解时, (that)从句的谓语动词应当使用陈述语气。因此, 选项 Che be 应改为 he was, 因为此处的 suggest 作“表明”解。再如:

  1. She suggested that I am responsible for the arrangements. 她认为我是负责作安排的。

  2. I'd like to suggest that it was the wrong place. 我认为这个地方不对。

  3. The results of the test suggested that I was ill. 化验的结果表明我生病了。

  4. The advance publicity for Skeeter's biography has certainly suggested that there will be shocks in store for those who believe Dumbledore to have led a blameless life. (J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows) 对斯基特的传记的提前宣传表明,那些相信邓布利多不该遭受指责的人们将会在书店里受到前所未有的打击。(《哈利·波特与死亡圣徒》)

练习题

请做下面的英语试题:

  1. When I suggested swimmingA\frac{\text{swimming}}{\text{A}} together in the lake, FatherB\frac{\text{Father}}{\text{B}} smiled, whichC\frac{\text{which}}{\text{C}} suggested that he agree with me. (上海会考, 95-31)

  2. The manager suggested that Mr White ____ in charge of the exhibition.

A. is B. will be C. be D. must be(全国成人高考,94-40)

  1. His silence suggested that he ____ our plan.

A. should not agree B. did not agree to C. not agree to D. would not agree with

  1. His accent suggests that he ____ from America.

A. should come B. comes C. come D. would come

  1. Jane's pale face suggested that she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she ____ a medical examination.
    A. be... should have B. was... have C. should be... had D. was... has(上海高考,94-30)
来源:英语常见问题解答大词典-8.md · 第 49375026 行 · 原文哈希 e2f9eb6f34