词典词条 · 问答

that(pron.) ⁴

核心问题 1

A report that he stole was ultimately sent to the police. 请问 that 从句是定语从句, 还是同位语从句?

词典解答 1

这是CGEL所提出的一个歧义句。就孤立的句子而论,这个句子容许有两种解释。一是把that从句理解为定语从句(that为关系代词,充当从句谓语动词的宾语),一是把that从句理解为同位语从句(that 为连词, 不充当任何句子成分, stole 为不及物动词):

(a)他偷来的一份报告最终送到了警察局。(A report(which) he stole...)

(b)关于他进行偷窃的一份报告最终送到了警察局。(The report was that he stole.)

that(pron.) 5^{5} (引导非限制性定语从句) ^{*}

核心问题 2

York, ____ last year, is a nice old city. A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited(北京高考,03-24)

标准答案为 B。能否选 A 呢?也就是说,that 能否引导非限制性定语从句呢?

词典解答 2

正像CGEL所指出的,在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词的选择仅限于whowhom)和which。决不能使用零关系代词。那么能不能使用that呢?CGEL的作者们并没有说绝对不能使用,而只是说that is rare (that很罕见)(p.1258)。上面试题的可取之处就在于它强调了在非限制性定语从句中,当中心词为表物的名词时几乎总是使用which这样一个事实。因此,从整体上看,这道试题并没有什么大错误,但是最好不要让考生在whichthat之间进行选择。

[附注]英语研究者和测试者应当注意,英语里有些例外的情况,例如:

  1. I looked at Mary's sad face, that I had once so passionately loved. (CGEL) 我望着玛丽那悲伤的面容,过去我曾一度非常热烈地爱过的那副面容。

  2. They are reports from the senses, mostly the ears and eyes, that keep the brain in touch with the world. 它们是来自感觉,主要是耳朵和眼睛的报告,使大脑与外部世界保持接触。(《科技英语阅读语法》,p.347)

  3. He went home talking to himself and to the moon, that was very high and small. 他一面自言自语,一面对月喃喃地回家去,月亮很高而小。(费致德:《现代英语惯用法词典》,p.863)

  4. The thunder storm, that had been hanging about all day, suddenly broke. (Wood) 整日笼罩天空的大雷雨突然来临。

来源:英语常见问题解答大词典-8.md · 第 85408569 行 · 原文哈希 e2f9eb6f34