问英语｜英语常见问题解答

核心问题

Just show the clerk a piece of paper with my name written on it. (《高中英语教科书》第三册, 人教社, p. 56)

《中学英语教材课文英汉对照译法》(广西师大出版社, p.215) 对上面的句子作了如下注释：

“with + 名词（+ 过去分词）+ 介词词组为一常见结构，表示伴随状况或原因。”

请问上句中的 with my name written on it 是伴随情况状语吗？

词典解答

应明确指出，上句中的 with my name written 并不是伴随情况状语，而是 a piece of paper 的定语。a piece of paper with my name written on it = a piece of paper on which my name is written = 写有我名字的一张纸条。请看下列 with 结构的句法作用：

A. 作伴随情况状语

She did not answer immediately, but meditated again, with her eyes fixed on the opposite wall. 她没有立刻回答，而是又沉思起来，她的眼睛盯着对面的墙壁。
With tears of joy in her eyes, she saw her daughter married. 她眼里含着高兴的泪水，看着女儿嫁了出去。
Without anyone noticing, I slipped out of the room. 我从屋里溜了出来,没有被任何人发现。
... I sat in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to a book. ……我在房间内坐了几个晚上，两眼盯在书上。

B. 作原因状语

With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 由于物价迅猛上涨,我们买不起高档商品。
With the exams coming next week, I have no time for a social life. 由于下周要举行考试，我没有时间参加社交。

C. 作条件状语

With conditions in every way favorable, he might succeed. 如果各方面条件都有利,他可能成功。
With other conditions being equal, the pressure remains constant. 如果其他条件相同，则压力保持恒定不变。
With this sum added, we will have enough money for the trip. 如果加上这笔金额,我们这次旅行的钱就够了。
With them on our side, we are secure. 如果他们站在我们这一边，我们会很安全的。

D. 作定语

... a white, plain envelope with her name printed on it 一个印着她的名字的白色的普通信封(with 结构作限制性定语)
We went into a large waiting room with a large fan spinning over head. 我们走进一个大候诊室，头上有一个大电扇运转着。(with 结构作非限制性定语)
It was a large room, with bookshelves covering most of the walls. 那是一间很大的房间，书架占据了大部分墙壁。(with 结构作非限制性定语)

区分下列各句中 with 结构的形式及其句法功能：

With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man. 赵小姐挎着药箱，匆忙离开去照料那个人。(with + 名词 + 介词短语，作方式状语)
There were birds too, with the eyes carved out of the rock and painted white. 这儿还有鸟儿，眼睛是在岩石上雕成突出的，并涂成白色。（with + 名词 + 分词，作非限制性定语）
And thousands of terrified watchers stared with their hearts beating fast. (全国高考, 94 - 58) 数以千计的惊恐的围观者瞪大眼睛看着，吓得心脏扑通扑通直跳。(with + 名词 + 分词，作伴随情况状语)

练习题

请做下面的英语试题：

The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back.

A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied(全国高考,91-22)

He slept well ____ all the windows open.

A. when B. while C. with D. because(同上)

The child stood there ____ his eyes fixed ____ the camera. A. and, on B. with, on C. with, at D. by, in
After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys ____ to go to school. A. to be encouraged B. been encouraged C. being encouraged D. be encouraged(全国四级,97.1-26)
____ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldn't go on with the experiment.

A. With B. For C. As D. Since(全国四级,00.12-69)