- When Bill was happy, he laughed and laughed. 比尔高兴的时候,就笑个不停。
(1)The meteor, rushing through the air, becomes intensely heated by friction and is usually completely vaporised before it has penetrated within a distance of twenty miles from the surface of the Earth. [北大《英语》(三), p. 1]
[原译]通过空气的流星,由于摩擦而变得炽热,而且通常在它穿过离地球表面不到20英里距离之前时就完全气化了。(教参)
(2) Light of this strength can be very useful and has already found many different applications in science. [上海交大《英语》(二), p. 23]
[原译]这种高强度的光非常有用,并已在科学上有多种不同的用途。(教参)
(3) Because of friction, the work output from a machine is always less than the work input, and the efficiency, which is the ratio of the two, is always less than 100 percent.
[原译]由于摩擦关系,从机器中输出的功永远小于输入的功,而效率,即输出的功和输入的功,两者的比值永远小于100%。(科著) 请分析上面三句中 and 的译法是否妥当。
连词 and 有 20 多种用法。因此在翻译时必须首先弄清其含义, 然后找出恰当的译法。推敲一下例(1)、(2)、(3)的原文, 可以看出, and 既不是表示并列, 也不是表示对比, 而是表示结果的。这里的 and = and therefore。这种用法在科技英语里尤为常见。例如:
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Sound is carried by air, and without air there can be no sound. 声音是由空气传播的,因此,没有空气,就没有声音。
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Sound waves cause vibrations in the medium, and they bring about slight changes in the shape of the medium as they move through it. 声波使介质产生振动,因此当声波通过介质时,会引起介质状态的细微变化。
从上面的例子可以看出,这种表示结果的 and 一般可以译为“因此”“所以”“因而”“而”,或者省而不译。
[试译1]流星穿过空气时,由于摩擦而变得炽热,因而在尚未到达离地面二十英里的上空时,通常便完全气化了。
[试译2]这种高强度的光非常有用,所以在科学上得到了多种多样的应用。
[试译3]由于有摩擦,机器的输出功永远小于输入功,因此,效率,即输出功与输入功之比,永远小于100%。