call on him/call him up

这是各类考试中经常考核的项目。首先要弄清楚动词 + 小品词(副词或介词)结构可分两大类：

A. 短语动词(phrasal verb),例如:set up(建立),put away(拿走),find out(发现),bring up(培养),turn on[开(灯)],hand in(交上),call off(取消),give up(放弃),switch on[打开(灯)],take in(欺骗)。

B. 介词动词(prepositional verb),例如:look at(看),cope with(妥善处理),care for(喜欢,关怀),approve of(赞成),go into(调查,探究)。

这两类动词在语法上的重大区别是：

(一)A 类动词(短语动词)的小品词(up, away, out, on, in, off 等等)可以看作是副词，它们可以与动词粘连在一起使用，也可以与动词分开，也就是说，它们可以放在宾语的前面，也可以放在宾语的后面(取 SVOA 语序):

1. $\$left\{ \begin{array}{ll}\text{I will turn on the radio.}\\ \text{I will turn the radio on. (IME)} \end{array} \right. 我要开收音机。

2. Since John cannot come tonight, we are going to put the party off until next week. (IME) 因为约翰今晚不能来，我们将把聚会延到下星期。

3. When you go to bed, be sure to put your cigarette out before you put out the lights. (IME) 当你去睡觉时，在熄灯前一定要把烟熄灭。

而 B 类动词(介词动词)中的小品词则必须强制性放在宾语之前:

1. She called on her friends. 她访问了她的朋友。

2. Look at the camera, please. (Wood) 请看照相机。

（二）当宾语为人称代词时，短语动词中的小品词必须放在代词之后，而介词动词中的小品词则必须放在代词之前：

1. Call me up after the meeting. (IME) 请会后给我打电话。

2. She called on them. (CGEL) 她拜访了他们。

(三)朗读重音:短语动词中的小品词(可分开的小品词)要重读,而介词动词中的小品词则要轻读。

请做下面的试题：

1. It's dark without the lights. Let's ____. A. switch on them B. turn them on C. to turn on them D. to switch them on(Nelson, 200C)

2. Children shouldn't leave their toys on the floor. They should ____.
   A. put out them B. put off them
   C. put them away D. put them off(Nelson, 200B)

3. “Why isn’t he teaching the piano now?” “Because he was tired of it, he ____.” A. decided to give it up B. determined on stopping C. decided giving up D. decided give it up(TOEFL)

4. The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to ____. A. make it out B. make it off C. make it up D. make it over(北京高考,03 春 - 32)

5. When a fire ____ at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed. A. broke off B. broke out C. broke down D. broke up(全国四级,95.6-59)

6. The car ____ halfway for no reason. A. broke off B. broke down C. broke up D. broke out(全国四级,98.1-46)

[附注]LDPV 将短语动词和介词动词统称为短语动词（phrasal verbs），即短语动词包括动词 + 副词结构和动词 + 介词结构。