(A)It is evident that Jack has returned.
(B) It is Julie that buys her vegetables in the market.
上面两个句子是否属于同一句型?如果它们分别属于两种不同的句型,则如何区分它们?
上面两个句子分别属于不同的句型。句(A)是含有主语从句(that 从句)的句子,句(B)则是强调句(分裂句)。它们之间的区别是:1. 在强调句中去掉 it is(was)...that 之后,句子仍然是完整的,而带主语从句的句子则不是这样;2. 在含主语从句的句子里,it is(was)可以换成其他时态(it has been 等),而在强调句中,it 之后只能是 is 或 was 或情态动词 + be。
cleft sentence (强调句与定语从句的区别)
(A)It is a question that needs careful consideration.
(B) It is novels that Miss Williams enjoys reading.
上面两个句子是否属于同一句型?如果不属于同一句型,如何区分它们?
句(A)是个含定语从句的句子。在这里it是指示代词;it is(was) a question 是个主语-系词-表语结构。如果去掉it is (was)...that,句子结构就不完整了。而句(B)是个强调句型。在这里it是个引词,没有具体含义。如果去掉it is(was)...that,则语序稍加调整,句子结构仍是完整的。此外,带定语从句的句子与强调句还有以下区别:
A. 在定语从句中一般使用 that、零关系代词、wh-形式(who, whom, whose, when, where 等),而在强调句中则主要是使用 that, who 或零关系代词,而较少使用 wh-形式(尤其是 whom, when, where)(参见 that/when)。
B. 在定语从句中, 先行词(中心词)一般是名词或名词短语, 而在强调句中, 可以用副词、介词短语或从句来作先行词:
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It was yesterday that he met your father. 他是昨天看到你父亲的。
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It was not until two decades ago that transistors began to replace electron tubes on a large scale. 直到二十年前,晶体管才开始大规模地代替电子管。
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It was because he was ill (that) we decided to return. 正是因为他病了我们才决定回去的。C. 在定语从句中充当主语的关系代词 that, who, which 是不可以省略的,而在强调句中却是可以省略的。当然这种省略常常是非正式语体用法:
It was the President himself spoke to me. (AEG) 是总统亲自和我谈了话。