词典词条 · 问答

by the time ³

核心问题

By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. (全国高考) [原译]爱迪生到12岁时,不得不自己去谋生。(《历届高考英语选择题详解》,学苑出版社,p.121)

译文的意思显然是指“爱迪生12岁时才开始谋生”,不知这是否符合原意?

词典解答

by the time (that) 可以看作是引导时间状语的从属连词。当它所引导的时间状语从句与主句的过去完成时并用时,表示主句的动作在从句所表示的动作或状态之前业已完成:

  1. By the time he got married he had studied history ten years. 到他结婚时,他研究历史已有10年了。

  2. By the time he arrived, we had already left. 他到达时,我们已经离开。

因此,在上面的高考英语试题中,主句的动作(had begun)先于从句所表示的状态(he was twelve),因此,似应译为:爱迪生在12岁之前就开始自己谋生了。

这种译法是符合历史事实的:“When he was ten Edison built his own chemistry laboratory. He sold sandwiches and newspapers on the local trains in order to earn money…”(爱迪生在他十岁时建立了自己的化学实验室。为了赚钱,他在当地的火车上卖夹肉面包和报纸……)

来源:英语常见问题解答大词典-2.md · 第 66666681 行 · 原文哈希 93ce501718