present participle ¹³ (现在分词)

现在分词的一般式有时也可以表示其动作发生在句子谓语动词的动作之前,但相隔的时间较短。例如：

1. Opening the drawer he took out a notebook. 他打开抽屉，拿出来一个笔记本。

2. Stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus. 他不小心离开了人行道，被公共汽车撞倒了。

3. Putting down my newspaper, I walked over to the window. (= After I had put down my newspaper, ...) 我放下报纸，走到窗前。

但是,当强调现在分词所表达的动作先于谓语动词的动作时,要使用现在分词的完成式(having done, having been done):

1. Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again. 已经失败了两次，他不想再试了。

2. Not having read the book, Mary could not answer the question. 由于没有看过那本书，玛丽回答不了这个问题。

3. Having read the Emperor's New Clothes, we all found it interesting. 读过《皇帝的新装》之后，我们都觉得很有趣。

4. Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found anywhere else in the world. 由于同其它大陆分离已有数百万年之久，所以澳大利亚有许多动植物是世界上任何其它地方所没有的。

5. The poor of the cities and the peasants in the country, having lived such a hard life for so long, took up their guns and knives and began to kill the rich nobles. 城市贫民和乡村里的农民由于长期以来过着非常艰苦的生活，拿起刀枪开始杀起富有的贵族来了。

6. They had come from England, having heard the strange news that Dr Manette, Lucie's father, was alive and was living in Paris. 他们从英国来是因为听到一个奇怪的消息——露西的父亲曼奈特医生仍然活在世上，而且还住在巴黎。