Mr Scrooge has four brothers; one is in New York, but ____ are in Washington.
A. another B. others C. the other ones D. the others
《新高考英语必考语法精析》(商务印书馆国际有限公司, p. 38) 在解释答案 D 时说: “one/some ... the others 用于数目明确。”
我查阅过的许多教辅材料也都是这么解释的。那么请问下列例句中的 the others 是指几个人呢？
(1) I felt the others were laughing at me. (全国成人高考,95-阅 C)
(2) I couldn't get along with the others. (全国成人高考,95-阅 C)
不能用“数目明确”来解释 the others 的用法。others 与 the others 的区别仅仅在于:前者表示不确定指,相当于汉语的“其他的人或物”“别的人或物”,而 the others 则表示确定指。确定指不等于数目明确,而仅仅表示交际双方共同确认所指的对象,见 a(an) 。the others 相当于汉语“其余的人或物”“所有其他的人或物”。拿上面的例 1 来说,the others 表示除 I 以外所有在场的人。而 others 就不能表示此种含义。请对比下列各句中 others 与 the others
的意义和用法：
-
Some of these inventions have changed the world more than others. 在这些发明之中有一些在改造世界方面所起的作用比其他的发明要大。
-
We should learn to show mercy to others. Do you still ask for this pound of flesh? 我们应该学会宽恕别人。现在你还要得到这一磅肉吗？
-
“Are you sure that there are no pages missing, and that it is just like the others, only secondhand?” “您能肯定这一本没有缺页，和其他所有的书一样，只不过是二手货吗？”
-
He couldn't keep pace with the others as they marched along. (全国高考,98-47) 当他们行进的时候,他不能跟其余的人步伐一致。
-
I shall wait until the others come back. 我务必等到其余的人返回来。
-
I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳了,其余的人都打网球去了。
-
I can't do the fourth and fifth questions but I've done all the others. 我不会做第四题和第五题，但其余的我都答上了。
-
Some wanted to see one programme while others preferred another. I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing... (全国高考, 99–90~93) 有一些人喜欢看一个节目, 另一些人却喜欢看另外的节目。而我任何节目都看得很高兴, 但是, 其余人却花大量的时间去争论……
请做下面的英语试题：
-
Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in ____. A. the other B. some other C. others D. these others(全国高考上海卷)
-
She always thinks of ____ more than herself.
A. other B. others C. the other D. the others(天津市中考2001B)
请分析并改正下句中的错误：
-
He never helped other. He said he was busy. (全国高考北京卷,02春-79)
-
Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play. (全国高考湖北卷,05-84)