not 在分词和动名词结构中的位置

按照规则和我国的测试要求,否定词要放在非限定动词(分词、动名词、动词不定式)之前。因此,上句中的 Having not received 应改为 Not having received(参见 infinitive $^{13}$ , gerund $^{2}$ )。请看下面的例句:

1. The purse not having been found, we went to the police. (CGEL) 钱包没找到, 我们去了警察局。

2. Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 由于没得到答复，他决定再写封信问问。

3. Don't be angry with me for not having written. 没有给你写信,请不要生我的气。

4. He regretted ____ your invitation last time. A. not accepted B. having not accepted C. not having accepted D. not accept

5. —I must apologize for ____ ahead of time. —It doesn't matter. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. not letting you to know D. letting you not know

6. ____ necessary preparations they thought it better to postpone the meeting till next week. A. Not having made B. Having not made C. Not making D. Making

7. Helen apologized for ____. A. her not being able to come B. her being not able to come C. her being able not to come D. her being able to not come

8. Tony was very unhappy for ____ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited(上海高考,00-40)

9. ____ is not a serious disadvantage in life. A. To be not tall B. Not to be tall C. Being not tall D. Not being tall(全国英语专业四级,01-51)

[附注]上面的论述是针对学生写的。英语教师则应当进一步了解，在古旧用法和美国英语用法中，也有人将否定词 not 或 never 放在分词之后：

1. There he stood looking after the vanishing carriage and knowing not what to do. [薄冰《英语语法札记》(三), p. 230]

2. Having never seen him before, I, of coursese, didn't recognize him. (同上)

3. Having not understood what he said, I asked him to repeat his directions.