核心问题
（1）They lived by hunting animals, birds and fish, and by gathering roots, nuts and wild fruits.
(2) They lived on fish and meat and used to make holes in the ice and catch fish and seals. live by 与 live on 都是指“靠……为生”，它们有无区别呢？
词典解答
live by 与 live on 虽然译成汉语常常没有区别,但是它们的真正含义和用法是有本质区别的。live by 是指通过“什么方法、手段”来谋生,因此,有时后跟动名词,而 live on 是指“依靠什么东西”来生活,因此,后跟的宾语常常是 rice, wheat, potatoes, money, salary, rent 等等。例如:
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She tried to live by her writing, but it did not provide a good enough income. 她试图以写作谋生，但写作的收入实在不高。
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He lives on fish and potatoes. 他靠吃鱼和土豆生存。请做下面的英语试题：
People in the north ____ chiefly ____ wheat.
A. live/on B. eat/on C. live/by D. have/with