核心问题
下面两个句子在意义上有什么区别?
(1) They definitely don't want it.
(2) They don't definitely want it.
词典解答
根据现代语言学家的理论,在否定句中,主语以及谓语前面的状语,通常不包括在否定范围(the scope of negation)之内,而起加强否定的作用。句(1)的意思是:It is definite that they don't want it.(他们肯定不需要这件东西。)类似的例子:
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I really don't know him. 我确实不认识他。
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He actually didn't sit next to her. 他事实上并没有坐在她旁边。
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Hurling insults and threats is certainly not fighting. 辱骂和恐吓决不是战斗。
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She definitely didn't speak to him. 她肯定没有同他说话。
而位于否定词项之后的状语则往往位于否定范围之内,并且很可能成为否定的焦点(the focus of negation)。因此句(2)的意思是:It's not definite that they want it.(他们不一定需要这件东西)。类似的例子:
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I don't really know him. 我并不真的认识他。
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We don't actually need sugar at all. 我们并不真的需要吃糖。
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He didn't actually sit next to her. 他并没有真的坐在她旁边。