（a）Let's swim across the river.
(b) She was the first woman to swim the Channel.
请问 swim 与 swim across 有什么区别?
正像 R. Quirk 等人所指出的, swim 与 swim across 的区别仅仅在于: 带介词的结构注重的是过程, 而带直接宾语的结构则具有完成意义, 表示目标的达到。句(a)的意思是: 让我们游过河吧。句(b)的意思是: 她是第一个游过英吉利海峡的妇女。很多动词具有与此相类似的情况。例如: climb/climb up, attain/attain to, turn/turn around the corner, jump/jump over the fence, cross/cross over the street, flee/flee from the country, pass/pass by, roam/roam about (around), leap/leap over the fence, ponder/ponder on, reach/reach to 等等。
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He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree. (Prov) 想吃水果的人必须爬上树去。
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“I heard you went mountain climbing but didn’t reach the top.” “Yes, we tried ____.” A. hardly to climb the mountain B. hard to climb the mountain C. to climb the mountain hard D. to climb the mountain hardly(TOEFL)
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The old lady climbs up the stairs with difficulty. (LDCE) 这位老妇人艰难地攀登台阶。
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I hope you will attain your object. (ALD) 我希望你达到目的。
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The perfection to which the pianist had attained was achieved only by years of hard work. (CIE) 这位钢琴家所达到的完美程度只是由于多年的艰苦努力才取得的。
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He killed the enemy and fled the country. (ALD) 他杀了敌人,逃到国外去了。
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They all fled from the burning ship. (LDCE) 他们大家都从燃烧着的船上向外逃跑。
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David passes my house on the way to school. (MD) 戴维在上学的路上总要经过我的房前。
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This car is incapable of passing most others on the road. A. This car can carry a heavy load. B. This car can pass most of the other cars. C. This car went right past the inspector. D. Most cars are faster than this one. (TOEFL)
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So many people pass by and never notice the old lonely people who stay in their homes all day. 多少人从旁经过，但从未留意到成天呆在房子里的那些孤独老人。
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We pondered many things. (ALD) 我们考虑了许多事情。
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He pondered over the incident. (ALD) 他在深思那件事。