by oneself

教材7. But sometimes you have to sail your boat by yourself. 但有时候你必须独自驾驶你的小船。 by oneself意为“独自地”,通常用来描述一个人独立完成某件事。例如: She makes the cake by herself. 她自己做蛋糕。

课标(2）词汇知识 词汇指语言中所有单词和固定短语的总和。词汇中的任何词语都是通过一定的句法关系和语义关系与其他词语建立起联系的，并在语境中传递信息。词汇学习不只是记忆单词的音、形、义，还包括了解一定的构词法知识，更重要的是在语篇中通过听、说、读、看、写等活动，理解和表达与各种主题相关的信息和观点。具体内容要求见表10。

词典oneself/by oneself 【问】 Do you have to feed plants like you feed chickens? Or do they grow up by themselves? by themselves 能否改为 themselves? 【答】在正式语体中,by themselves 是不能用 themselves 来替换的。oneself 用作状语(强调语)时,它与其先行词存在着同位关系,其意义为:“是......而不是别人”“就本人而言”。可译为“亲自”“本人”: 1. One always has to do these things oneself. 这些事情都得亲自去做。 2. I myself will go. 我将亲自去。 3. To do something oneself is often easier than getting someone else to do it. 亲自干一件事往往比叫别人干还容易些。 4. She must decide that herself. 她必须自己决定那件事。 5. Did you cook it yourself? 是你自己做的吗? 6. He writes most of his songs himself. 他唱的歌大部分是他自己写的。 而 by oneself 是指: A. “单独”“独自”(无人陪伴)(alone); B. “独立地”“靠自己”(无人帮助)。 A. 1. They are living by themselves. 他们单独居住。 2. One can't play tennis by oneself. 一个人不能独自打网球。 3. Well, I bought it, so now you'd better marry me because I can't live in it by myself. (Hillary, Living History) 我已经把这房子买下了,现在你最好嫁给我,因为我不想一个人住在里面。 B. 1. He did it by himself. 他独立地做了这件事。 2. Did you draw this picture by yourself? 你是自己画的这幅画吗? [附注]在非正式语体中,by oneself 中的 by 是可以省略的: One could do it (by) oneself but it would be difficult. 人们可以独立地做这件事,但是,那将是非常困难的。 请做下面的英语试题: 1. Tim is too young ____. (他不能自己一个人出去) (全国成人高考, 94-71) 2. Tom felt that he knew everybody's business better than they knew it ____. A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. himself(全国高考,96-12) 请分析下面 by oneself 结构的含义并把句子译成汉语: 1. By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned maths all by

词典by oneself/all by oneself 【问】(1)“We're alone here. We're all by ourselves,” said Jim. (2) She can do it all by herself. 句(2)中的 by herself 的意思我是明白的,但句(1)中的 all by ourselves 的意思我就不明白了。 【答】句(2)中的by herself是指“靠自己”“独立地”“无人帮助地”。all是介词短语by herself的修饰语(起加强语作用): all by herself = 完全靠自己。句(1)中的by ourselves则另有含义:“没有人陪伴”“独自”“单独地(的)”“孤零零地(的)”。all by ourselves在句(1)中作表语,其中的all作介词短语by ourselves的加强语。关于后一用法,让我们列举一些实例: 1. I want to be by myself. 我喜欢单独一个人。 2. Come in; we are all by ourselves. 请进来,就我们自己(没有别人)。 [句意]句(1)吉姆说:“这里没有别人。只有我们几个人。” 句(2)她完全可以独立地做这件事。

教材4 How did the person come out of the shadows of the disaster? 5 What were some touching moments? 6 How is the person's life now? ## Step 2 Write the story. ## Step 3 Check. Did you: include the structure in Step 1? use the words and expressions from the reading passage? give your opinion about getting back to oneself after a disaster? ## Step 4 Share your story with the class.

词典by far 【问】Paul is the better student by far. 与 Paul is by far the better student. 请问上列两句中 by far 的位置哪个是正确的?它的语义是什么? 【答】 by far 是提高程度用语, 可与形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连用。与形容词或副词的比较级连用时, 表示“......得多”“远比......”, 以强调相差程度之大。与形容词或副词的最高级连用时, 表示“最最”, 以加强最高级的语气。by far 有一个很独特之点, 就是它既可以放在形容词或副词比较级或最高级的前面, 也可以放在它们的后面 (参见 far, far more, far the best, much ⁴ )。 1. It was \left\{\begin{array}{l} by far the best film the best film by far \end{array}\right\} that I've seen for a long time. (CGEL) 它是我长时间以来所看过的最好的影片。 2. His work is better by far than that of any other printer in the city. (DAI) 他印刷的作品远比城里其他印刷商的好。 3. She is by far the better actress. (LDCE) 她是个好得多的女演员。 4. The bread and butter of its operation was by far its oldest and simplest offering—the anonyme lager—blind drop services, otherwise known as anonymous safe-deposit boxes. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 这个银行的业务操作方式其实是最古老也是最简单的——为客户提供匿名储藏箱。(《达·芬奇密码》) 请做下面的英语试题: This is ____ the most difficult job I have ever tackled. A. by rights B. by itself C. by oneself D. by far(全国六级)