there lies(exists)

引导词 there 的最重要的功用就是占据原来属于主语的位置,形成内容上的空缺,而使句子的真正主语退居后面,从而具有较大的信息载荷,甚至成为信息的核心。例如:Something must be wrong. There must be something wrong. A man lives in China. There is a man (that) lives in China. 由于 there 具有这种作用,它常常跟除 be 以外的许多不及物动词(happen, lie, live, stand, enter, arrive, appear, exist, follow, remain, come, occur, rise 等等)组成存在句型(语言学家们把这种句型叫做含非 be 动词的存在句型(existential sentences with verbs other than be),以突出主语的意义分量。在这一点上,英语的存在句型跟汉语的存现句是很相似的。

1. There always exists a force of attraction between two bodies. 两个物体之间永远存在着吸引力。

2. Not long after this, there occurred a sudden revolution in public taste. 此后不久，公众的情趣发生了突然的变化。

3. There appears a sine wave on the screen. 荧光屏上出现了正弦波。

4. There, directly beneath it, stood the tiny structure. (Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code) 就在它的下方，矗立着小型的建筑。（《达·芬奇密码》）

5. In these crises there breaks out an epidemic... the epidemic of over-production. 在危机期间, 发生一种……社会瘟疫, 即生产过剩的瘟疫。(《共产党宣言》, p. 28)

6. There took place an elaborate ceremony in honour of the visiting dignitaries. 举行了精心安排的仪式欢迎来访的达官显贵们。

7. There came to his mind her beautiful face. (CGEL) 在他的脑海里浮现出了她那美丽的面孔。

8. There rose in his imagination visions of a world empire. (Leech) 在他的想象中出现了一个世界帝国的幻象。

9. There followed an uncomfortable silence. (PEU) 接着是一阵难以忍受的沉默。

10. There remains nothing more to be done. (PEU) 再没有别的办法了。