词典词条 · 问答

that(conj.) ⁶ (引导形容词补足语从句)

核心问题

(1)I'm glad you have been assigned such a task. (PEG²) 我很高兴组织上给了你这样一个任务。

(2) I am sorry that you're ill. (AEG) 你病了,我很难过。

上面的(that)从句应归到哪类从句中去?

词典解答

我国有些英语语法著作,如张道真教授编《实用英语语法》(1995年修订版,p.604),把上面的(that)从句分析为原因状语从句:

I'm glad you have been assigned such a task. \approx I'm glad because you have been assigned such a task.

另一些英语语法著作,如薄冰教授主编的《高级英语语法》(高等教育出版社,1994年,p.755)则把上面的(that)从句分析为宾语从句。

上面两种分析方法虽然都有其适当理由,但是,把上面的(that)从句分析为形容词的补足语从句似乎更有说服力。因为形容词(glad, sorry, ...) + that 从句是一个特殊类型的结构,既不同于一般的动词 + 原因状语从句结构,也不同于一般的动词 + 宾语从句结构。把形容词(或分词) + that 从句看作单独的句型,不仅更能反映语言的实质,而且更有利于教学。这种句型的特点是:主语大都是表人的,而形容词或分词大都是表示人的感情或思想状态的。例如:afraid, anxious, aware, angry, confident, convinced, eager, glad, grateful, happy, hopeful, proud, sad, sorry, thankful, amazed, amused, annoyed, astonished, depressed, disappointed, distressed, disturbed, horrified, irritated, lucky, pleased, shocked, sure, surprised, upset(参见 CGEL, § 16.71)。

练习题

请做下面的英语试题:

  1. Jim was very popular with those who could vote, and he was ____ that he could win the election.

A. confident B. adequate C. cordial D. sensitive (TOEFL)

  1. Our football team feels prideA\frac{pride}{A} thatB\frac{that}{B} it has won every match this year.
来源:英语常见问题解答大词典-8.md · 第 81758198 行 · 原文哈希 e2f9eb6f34