present subjunctive mood (现在虚拟式)

上句中的 be 叫做现在时虚拟语气(现在虚拟式)，也叫做 be 型虚拟语气。从形式上看，在 be 型虚拟语气里，所有人称的主语都用动词原形：

因此,除 be 之外,其他动词的现在时虚拟语气与现在时陈述语气只有在单数第三人称时才有区别。从语义上看,现在时虚拟语气与过去时虚拟语气不同,它并不表示与事实相反。它主要用于下列场合:

A. 表示命令、要求、推荐、建议、决定、意图等动词的宾语从句或主语从句中：

1. I demand that she come here soon. (Nelson) 我要求她马上到这里来。

2. I insist that he go. (LDCE) 我坚持让他走。

3. It was ordered that the classroom be put in order. (日本高考试题) 命令要求把教室整理得井然有序。

4. I requested that he leave. (LDCE) 我请求他离开。

5. I suggest that they not go. (Nelson) 我建议他们不要走。

6. Many students urged that the library be kept open during the vacation. (TOEFL) 许多学生强烈要求图书馆在假期开馆。

B. 表示命令、要求、推荐、建议、决定、意图等含义的名词的表语从句中：

1. Our decision is that the school remain closed. (CGEL) 我们的决定是学校继续关闭。

2. His sole requirement was that the system work. (CGEL) 他唯一的要求是该系统能够运作。

3. The orders are that we stay here. (Hemingway) 命令我们停留在这里。

C. important, essential, advisable, desirable, fitting, imperative, appropriate, necessary 等形容词充当表语的主语从句中：

1. It is appropriate that this tax be abolished. (CGEL) 废止这条税目是适宜的。

2. It is essential that he be efficient. (TOEFL) 他必须工作效率高。

D. 用在真实条件从句、让步从句，目的从句和时间从句中。这种用法属正式语体：

1. If any person be found guilty, he shall have the right of appeal. (CGEL) 如果有人被认为有罪，他有申诉权。

2. If the planet be close to the sun, its speed increases. 如果行星接近太阳,其运转速度就会加快。

3. Though he be President himself, he shall hear us. (CGEL) 虽然他本人是总统，他也得倾听我们的意见。

4. The President must reject this proposal, lest it cause strife and violence. (CGEL) 总统必须否决这项议案，以免发生冲突和暴力事件。

5. Whether he succeed or fail, it will not matter to me. (GME) 无论他成功还是失败,都和我没有关系。

6. She will be eighteen years old come Easter. 复活节到来时,她就18岁了。

这里应当指出，现在虚拟式(即动词原形)在让步状语从句中，有时放在主语之前：

1. Be they easy or difficult, this method applies. 不管问题是容易还是困难,这个方法都是适用的。

2. Be that as it may, we have nothing to lose. (GCE) 即使如此,我们也没有什么可损失的。

E. 表示祝愿的简单句中：

1. Long live the king! (EEG) 国王万岁!

2. God save the Queen! 愿上帝保佑女皇!

F. 用在某些惯用语中：

Come what may, we will go ahead with our plan. (CGEL) 不管发生什么事,我们都要执行我们的计划。

(参见 be $^{3}$ , come what may, God bless you, adverbial of concession, please God) 请做下面的英语试题：

1. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures ____ for our defense.

A. had been taken B. would be taken C. be taken D. to be taken

2. They keep telling us it is of utmost importance that our representative ____ (send) to the conference on schedule. (全国研考, 90-47)