问英语｜英语常见问题解答

说明

passive gerund(动名词的被动式)

核心问题 1

In many countries with sea coasts, human waste is piped directly into the sea without being treated.

上句中的 being treated 是个什么结构?

词典解答 1

上句中的 being treated 是动名词的被动式。注意: 动名词的被动式与现在分词的被动式在形式上完全相同 (being done)。只能根据它们在句中的语法作用来区分 (参见 participle $^{16}$ , gerund $^{7}$ )。动名词的被动式, 如同主动式一样, 在句中可以做主语、宾语、主语补足语、介词宾语等。

I remember being taken to Paris as a small child. 我记得我在儿时曾被带到巴黎。
The girl was afraid of being scolded. 那女孩怕受责备。

练习题

请做下面的英语试题：

The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. being caught B. to be caught C. catching D. to catch(全国高考)
He has always insisted on his ____ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner. A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called(上海高考,92-26)
While shopping people sometimes can't help ____ into buying something they don't really need.

A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded(同上,96-14)

What worried the child most was ____ to visit his mother in the hospital. A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed(同上,98-8)
I couldn't help ____ by his speech.

. I couldn't help ____ by his speech. A. moving B. to move C. being moved D. to be moved

I am not used ____ to like that.

passive $^{2}$ A. to being spoken B. to speak C. being spoken D. to speaking(全国高教自考,95-25)

形式主动、意义被动的动名词

核心问题 2

“Why don't you use the carving knife?” “It needs ____.”

A. sharpened B. being sharpened C. sharpening D. to sharpen我选了 B, 因为这里需要一个表示被动意义的动名词。但是答案却是 C。这究竟是为什么？

词典解答 2

在动词 need, want, require, deserve 之后需要用主动形式的动名词表示被动意义, 见相应的词条。此外, 在 worth 之后也要求用主动形式的动名词表示被动意义, 见 worth $^{1,2}$ 。