infinitive ¹⁵

动词不定式的完成形式与被动形式是各类英语试题的常考项目。做此类题时应特别注意两点：第一，注意动词不定式在句中与有关的成分是主动关系还是被动关系。主动关系——选主动形式的动词不定式(to do, to have done, to be doing)，被动关系——选被动形式的动词不定式(to be done, to have been done)。第二，注意动词不定式所表达的动作与句子谓语动词所表达的动作在时间上的先后关系。前者发生在后者之前，使用动词不定式的完成形式(to have done, to have been done)，前者与后者同时发生或者发生在后者之后，则用动词不定式的一般形式(to do, to be done)。在上面的试题中，invent 的动作发生在 is considered 之前，故应选 C (to have invented)。读完下面的类例，就能更深刻地理解这一点。

1. We were proud to have found the cave carvings. 我们为我们发现了岩洞雕刻而感到骄傲。

2. When some money went missing from the bank, O. Henry was believed to have stolen it. (全国高考, 91 - 阅 A) 银行里丢了一些钱, 人们认为是欧·亨利偷的。

3. Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying(全国高考,99-14)

4. ——Did you criticize(批评) him for his mistakes? ——Yes, but ____ it.

A. I'd not rather B. I'd rather not have done C. I'd better not do D. I'd rather not doing 3. One of the salesmen in this shop is ____.

A. saying to have been fired B. said to have been fired C. saying to have fired D. said to have fired

4. Mr Brown is said ____ for Italy last week. A. to have left B. to leave C. to be leaving D. to have been left(全国成人高考,94-32)

5. I feel it an honour ____ to speak here. A. to ask B. to be asked C. asking D. having asked(同上,94-33)

6. For centuries, people from all over the world have claimed ____ strange sights: lights in the sky, flying objects and even creatures from other planets. A. to have seen B. having seen C. to see D. seeing(同上,96-40)

7. He claimed ____ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. A. being badly treated B. treating badly C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated(上海高考,98-16)

8. A Dream of the Red Chamber is said ____ into dozens of languages in the last decade. A. to have been translated B. to translate C. to be translated D. to have translated(全国四级)

9. I'm very sorry to have ____ you with so many questions on such an occasion. A. interfered B. offended C. impressed D. bothered(全国四级,99.6-42)

10. As a public relations officer, he is said ____ some very influential people. A. to know B. to be knowing C. to have been knowing D. to have known(全国四级,01.6-34)

11. The local health organization is reported ____ twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audon became its first president. A. to be set up B. being set up C. to have been set up D. having been set up(全国研考,93-2)

12. The Bunsen burner is so named because it is thought to be invented by Robert Bunsen, who was German by birth. (全国研考, 94–15)

13. Professor Johnson is said ____ some significant advance in his research in the past year. A. having made B. making C. to have made D. to make(全国英语专业四级,99-43)