replace with/by
《朗文常用英语正误词典》(上海译文出版社，p.279)说下面的句子是错误的：I told him he would have to replace the broken lid by a new one. 原因是:replace sth. with sth. else, 不用 by。但是,我却看到过用 by 的例句: He pulled his house down and replaced it by a bigger one. (Hill)
《朗文常用英语正误词典》的上述说法带有片面性。实际上，replace A with B 结构中的 with 亦可用 by 来代替，尽管前一结构用得比较普遍。请看下面的实例：
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In London, after the war, damaged buildings were quickly demolished and replaced by new buildings. 战后，伦敦市内受到损坏的建筑物很快被拆除，并在原地方盖起了新的建筑物。
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We had to replace butter by (or with) margarine. (MEG) 我们不得不用人造黄油来代替黄油。
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We have replaced slave labour with (by) machines. (LDCE) 现在已用机器代替了劳工。当主动形式的 replace A with (by) B 变为被动形式时, 则主要是使用介词 by:
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Mr Smith was replaced by Mr Brown as secretary. (Wood) 由布朗先生接替史密斯先生担任秘书。
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The book that had been lost was replaced by a new one. 丢失的那本书已用一本新书来代替。