∫A. The committee will see it through.
B. The committee will see through it.
A. I have to get it on.
B. I have to get on it.
语法书上一再强调,当动词+可分离的小品词(短语动词)的宾语为代词时,可分离的小品词必须放在代词之后。可是,在句(B)中,小品词(through, on)却可以位于代词it之前,这是为什么呢?
同样一个动词 + 小品词结构(run through, look over, get on, see through)有时候由于具有完全不同的词汇含义,而被划入不同的语法类别:短语动词和介词动词(见 call on)。当 get on 作“put on”(穿上)解时,是个短语动词,即小品词 on 是可分离的:
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Get your coat on quickly, the taxi's waiting. (LDPV)
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I'm going to get my coat on.
同样, 当 see through 作“贯彻”“把……进行到底”解时, 是个短语动词, 小品词 through 是可分的:
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He saw the project through. (RCD) 他把设计搞完了。
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We are going to see the work through. (Freeman) 我们保证把这项工程全部完成。
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Whatever happens, we'll see the struggle through. (OSD) 不管发生什么事,我们一定要把斗争进行到底。
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Now that we've started the project, we'll have to see it through. (EI) 现在工程已经开始了,我们决心把它全部完成。
但是, 当 get on 作“使乘上(车、船、飞机)”“骑上(马)”解时, 是个介词动词, 小品词 on (介词) 是不可分离的:
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Only one person at a time is allowed to get on the horse. (LDPV) 一次只准许一个人骑到马上去。
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I'll hold your horse while you get on. (LDCE) 你上马,我来牵马。
而 see through 作“看透、识破”解时,是个介词动词。
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He's a poor liar; anyone can see through him. (LDPV) 他是个很糟糕的撒谎者;谁都能看破他。
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You don't fool me: I can see through your tricks! (LDPV) 你不要愚弄我: 我能够看穿你的鬼把戏!
对于学习英语的中国人来说,弄清并记住哪个小品词是可分的,哪个小品词是不可分的,并非易事。因此,有疑惑时,可查阅 Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs,那里对小品词的词性(是否可分离)均有明确的注明。有一位美国语言学家提出了另一个办法:当对于小品词是否可分没有把握时,应避免使用代词作宾语。
请做下面的英语试题:
"How long did it take you to realize he was dishonest?" "I ____ from the start."
A. looked him through B. saw through him C. looked forward to him D. saw him through(Nelson, 400C)
(参见 call on him/call him up)